Types of DNA in Humans

There are different types of Human DNA – which there are various classifications, Chromosomal DNA and Mitochondrial DNA. There is also the DNA present from normal flora microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, mites, etc. Some of this microorganism DNA may be significant, such as E. coli DNA in the stomach or Staphylococcus DNA on the skin. You even have DNA present from viruses of bacteria such as phage DNA. Some human viruses may be present in blood cells such as EBV, CMV in nerve cells like herpes simplex 1, in skin cell like HPV (human papilloma virus) or integrated into the Human Chromosomal DNA such as various retroviruses, like human foamy virus, HTLV or HIV

Within Chromosomal DNA there is DNA that codes for genes- exons (mRNA coding) and non coding regions called introns. There are regions of DNA within the introns that are called endogenous retroviruses – these regions have great similarity to retroviruses and may have disease implications.

Chromasonal DNA

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, or less popularly, mDNA) is DNA that is located in mitochondria. This is in contrast to most DNA of eukaryotic organisms, which is found in the nucleus. Mitochondria are the parts of the cell that generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).